Gastric banding shows improvements in cardiovascular risk, lipids and glucose and the benefits persisting at 5 years.
New data show that a large proportion of obese patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric banding for weight loss had resolution of metabolic syndrome that was sustained for five years after the procedure. They also saw improvements in the individual components of the syndrome and a reduction in use of diabetes and antihypertensive medications.
Results from the small study were reported last week. The 50 patients included in the trial had a body mass index (BMI) of between 30 and 40 and at least 1 obesity-related comorbidity.
Chief investigator Dr. Sean Heffron stated that, bariatric surgery has become an increasingly utilized procedure for obesity, with short-term trials suggesting improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, including lipid profiles. But these are some of the first data illustrating the durability of metabolic improvements with this type of operation, he noted.
”Nearly half of the patients met metabolic-syndrome criteria at baseline, and those resolved in all but a handful at year 1 and continued and persisted throughout year 5,” he said. ”Whether that will translate into prevention of outcomes down the road, we can’t say with these data, but it does seem that the procedure resolves metabolic syndrome in those who have it at baseline, and it prevents the appearance of it in those who don’t have it at baseline.”
He and his colleagues reported on 50 patients who underwent gastric banding at their center at NYU, who were aged 18 to 60 years and had a history of obesity lasting 5 or more years. Average BMI was 35.1, and each patient had at least 1 obesity-related comorbidity; they were, however, less severely obese than many of the patients studied in recent trials of bariatric surgery, Dr. Heffron observed. The majority of data on this procedure are in patients with BMI of 40 or greater with severe comorbidities, he noted.
He also observed that the ”metabolic abnormalities were not that great” in this study population, with average glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of 5.7%, ”within the normal range.” Despite this, almost half of the patients had metabolic syndrome at baseline.
The participants were followed annually for 5 years, with 47 patients available for follow-up at this time point: at these visits they underwent a physical exam and blood sampling. The primary outcome was diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, with secondary end points including the individual components of the metabolic syndrome and proportion of subjects using oral hyperglycemic or oral antihypertensive agents.
At baseline, 43% of subjects met National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria for metabolic syndrome; this was reduced to 15% at year 1 and remained decreased throughout 5 years of follow-up (p<0.001).
BMI was significantly reduced at 5 years (to a mean of 27.9; P = .003), as was weight loss and waist circumference (P < .001). There was significant improvement in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol at years 1 and 2 (P < .001), but only increase in HDL cholesterol was sustained out to 5 years (mean 56.9 mg/dL at baseline vs 70.29 mg/dL at 5 years). Fasting blood glucose was also significantly reduced and sustained out to 5 years.
The number of patients overall taking medication for diabetes and high blood pressure was small, Dr. Heffron said, but reductions were seen. At baseline, 7 participants were taking oral antidiabetic agents; at year 5, this was reduced to 4. One patient was on insulin and remained on insulin throughout. There were 9 patients taking antihypertensives at the start of the study, and 6 were still taking them by study end.
”Laparoscopic gastric banding produces significant weight loss and resolution of metabolic syndrome by improvement in multiple diagnostic criteria and reduces use of hyperglycemic and antihypertensive agents. These changes persist over 5 years following surgery,” the researchers conclude.
American College of Cardiology 2013 Scientific Sessions. Presented March 9, 2013. Abstract 1102-14
From www.diabetesincontrol.com
Abstract
Participants
Sean Heffron, Amita Singh, Johnathan Zagzag, Heekoung A. Youn, James Underberg, George A. Fielding, Christine J. Ren, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Abstract
Background:
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MS) are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Bariatric surgery is employed to reduce weight and associated comorbidities. There is a lack of data on the long-term durability of metabolic changes associated with bariatric surgery, in particular with laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB).
Methods:
50 patients with BMI between 30 and 40 underwent LAGB at a single center and were followed annually for 5 years. At follow-up visits, subjects underwent a physical exam and blood sampling. The primary outcome was diagnosis of MS. Secondary outcomes included individual components of the MS and proportions of subjects using oral hyperglycemic or anti-hypertensive agents.
Results:
47 patients (45 female, mean age 43.8 years) completed 5 years follow-up. Baseline BMI was 35.1 ± 2.6. Subjects exhibited mean weight loss of 22.3 ± 7.9 kg (22.9 ± 7.4%) at year 1 and maintained this weight loss (19.8 ± 10.2%) through 5 years of follow-up.
At baseline, 43% of subjects met NCEP ATPIII criteria for MS. This was reduced to 15% at year 1 and remained decreased throughout 5 years of follow-up (Figure). There were reductions in the proportion of subjects meeting each secondary outcome measure (p<0.001 - p=0.05) throughout 5 years of follow-up.
Conclusion:
LAGB produces significant weight loss, resolution of MS by improvement in multiple diagnostic criteria, and reduces use of hyperglycemic and anti-hypertensive agents. These changes persist over 5 years following surgery.
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